diff --git a/reasoning_gym/cognition/__init__.py b/reasoning_gym/cognition/__init__.py
index d43c60f3..2839a5be 100644
--- a/reasoning_gym/cognition/__init__.py
+++ b/reasoning_gym/cognition/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Cognition tasks for training reasoning capabilities.
 
 from .color_cube_rotation import ColorCubeRotationConfig, ColorCubeRotationDataset
 from .figlet_fonts import FigletFontConfig, FigletFontDataset
+from .modulo_grid import ModuloGridConfig, ModuloGridDataset
 from .needle_haystack import NeedleHaystackConfig, NeedleHaystackDataset
 from .number_sequences import NumberSequenceConfig, NumberSequenceDataset
 from .rectangle_count import RectangleCountConfig, RectangleCountDataset
@@ -22,4 +23,6 @@ __all__ = [
     "RectangleCountDataset",
     "NeedleHaystackConfig",
     "NeedleHaystackDataset",
+    "ModuloGridConfig",
+    "ModuloGridDataset",
 ]
diff --git a/reasoning_gym/cognition/modulo_grid.py b/reasoning_gym/cognition/modulo_grid.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..58ecb0ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reasoning_gym/cognition/modulo_grid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+from copy import deepcopy
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from random import Random
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from ..factory import ProceduralDataset, register_dataset
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ModuloGridConfig:
+    """Configuration for ModuloGrid task generation"""
+
+    size_x: int = 20
+    size_y: int = 20
+    max_divisor: int = 20
+    max_target: int = 20
+    max_holes: int = 1
+    seed: Optional[int] = None
+    size: int = 500
+
+    def validate(self) -> None:
+        """Validate configuration parameters"""
+        assert self.size_x > 5, "size_x must be greater than 5"
+        assert self.size_y > 5, "size_y must be greater than 5"
+        assert self.max_divisor > 0, "max_divisor must be greater than 0"
+        assert self.max_target > 0, "max_target must be greater than 0"
+        assert self.max_holes > 0, "max_holes must be greater than 0"
+
+
+def generate_grid(size_x, size_y, operation, mod_target):
+    """
+    Generates a grid of symbols based on the evaluation of an operation on grid coordinates.
+
+    Parameters:
+      size_x (int): Number of columns.
+      size_y (int): Number of rows.
+      operation (str or callable): The operation to apply to each coordinate.
+          If a string, accepted values are:
+            - "sum": computes x + y.
+            - "diff": computes |x - y|.
+            - "prod": computes x * y.
+          Otherwise, a function taking two integers (x, y) must be provided.
+      mod_target (tuple): A tuple (divisor, target) such that a cell (x, y) is marked as valid
+                          if (operation(x, y)) % divisor equals target.
+
+    Returns:
+      list of list: A 2D grid filled with "✅" for valid cells and "❌" for invalid cells.
+    """
+    # Determine the operation function
+    if callable(operation):
+        op_func = operation
+    elif operation == "sum":
+        op_func = lambda x, y: x + y
+    elif operation == "diff":
+        op_func = lambda x, y: abs(x - y)
+    elif operation == "prod":
+        op_func = lambda x, y: x * y
+    elif operation == "pow":
+        op_func = lambda x, y: x**y
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Unsupported operation. Use 'sum', 'diff', 'prod', or provide a callable.")
+
+    divisor, target = mod_target
+
+    # Create the grid; using 0-indexed coordinates (x, y)
+    grid = []
+    for y in range(size_y):
+        row = []
+        for x in range(size_x):
+            result = op_func(x, y)
+            # Check the modulo condition
+            if result % divisor == target:
+                row.append("✅")
+            else:
+                row.append("❌")
+        grid.append(row)
+    return grid
+
+
+def flatten_grid(grid: list[list[str]]) -> str:
+    return "\n".join("".join(row) for row in grid)
+
+
+class ModuloGridDataset(ProceduralDataset):
+    """Generates ModuloGrid tasks
+
+    This is an ARC-ish task for mathematical explanatory reasoning. It generates a binary grid based on a hidden
+    mathematical function based around modulo division of a function based on the coordinates, then asks to fill
+    in any gaps in the grid.
+
+    The function used to determine the pattern can be based on sums, multiples, powers, and differences, then a
+    constructed modulo matching a target function. Some patterns are obvious without knowing the underlying rule,
+    some are very difficult. Pretty much all the parameters are configurable, so we are able to generate a
+    good curriculum.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: ModuloGridConfig):
+        super().__init__(config=config, seed=config.seed, size=config.size)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> dict:
+        """Generate a single NeedleHaystack task
+
+        Returns:
+            dict with keys:
+                - question: str, the task description with cube string
+                - answer: None, indicating to use the dynamic evaluator
+                - metadata: dict with generation parameters and example solution
+        """
+        rng = Random(self.seed + idx)
+
+        valid = False
+        while not valid:
+
+            divisor = rng.randint(1, self.config.max_divisor)
+            target = rng.randint(1, self.config.max_target)
+            operation = rng.choice(["sum", "diff", "prod", "pow"])
+            mod_target = (divisor, target)
+
+            grid = generate_grid(self.config.size_x, self.config.size_y, operation, mod_target)
+            sgrid = "".join(s for row in grid for s in row)
+            if "✅" in sgrid:
+                valid = True
+
+        holes_grid = deepcopy(grid)
+
+        for i in range(self.config.max_holes):
+            holes_grid[rng.randint(0, len(holes_grid) - 1)][rng.randint(0, len(holes_grid[0]) - 1)] = "❔"
+
+        question = (
+            "Identify the mathematical pattern which defines this grid, then use that pattern to fill in the question marks. Return the entire completed grid as your answer.\n\n"
+            + flatten_grid(holes_grid)
+        )
+
+        return {
+            "question": question,
+            "answer": flatten_grid(grid),
+            "metadata": {"divisor": divisor, "target": target, "operation": operation},
+        }
+
+
+# Register the dataset
+register_dataset("modulo_grid", ModuloGridDataset, ModuloGridConfig)
diff --git a/tests/test_modulo_grid.py b/tests/test_modulo_grid.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9fdff4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_modulo_grid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import pytest
+
+from reasoning_gym.cognition.modulo_grid import ModuloGridConfig, ModuloGridDataset
+
+
+def test_modulo_grid():
+    """Test basic properties and solution of generated items"""
+
+    # Easy
+    config = ModuloGridConfig(seed=42, size=50, size_x=10, size_y=10, max_divisor=10, max_target=10, max_holes=1)
+    dataset = ModuloGridDataset(config)
+
+    for item in dataset:
+        assert isinstance(item, dict)
+        assert "question" in item and isinstance(item["question"], str)
+        assert "answer" in item and isinstance(item["answer"], str)
+        assert "metadata" in item
+
+        # Test the scoring
+        assert item["question"] != item["answer"]
+        assert dataset.score_answer(answer=item["answer"], entry=item) == 1.0
+        assert dataset.score_answer(answer=None, entry=item) == 0.0
+
+    # Hard
+    config = ModuloGridConfig(seed=42, size=50, size_x=25, size_y=25, max_divisor=25, max_target=25, max_holes=15)
+    dataset = ModuloGridDataset(config)
+
+    for item in dataset:
+        assert isinstance(item, dict)
+        assert "question" in item and isinstance(item["question"], str)
+        assert "answer" in item and isinstance(item["answer"], str)
+        assert "metadata" in item
+
+        # Test the scoring
+        assert item["question"] != item["answer"]
+        assert dataset.score_answer(answer=item["answer"], entry=item) == 1.0
+        assert dataset.score_answer(answer=None, entry=item) == 0.0