diff --git a/tests/test_prime_factorization.py b/tests/test_prime_factorization.py
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tests/test_prime_factorization.py
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+"""Tests for prime factorization task generation"""
+import pytest
+
+from reasoning_gym.arithmetic.prime_factorization import (
+    PrimeFactorizationConfig,
+    PrimeFactorizationDataset,
+)
+
+
+def test_prime_factorization_config_validation():
+    """Test that invalid configs raise appropriate errors"""
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        config = PrimeFactorizationConfig(min_value=1)  # Too small
+        config.validate()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        config = PrimeFactorizationConfig(min_value=100, max_value=50)  # max < min
+        config.validate()
+
+
+def test_prime_factorization_dataset_deterministic():
+    """Test that dataset generates same items with same seed"""
+    config = PrimeFactorizationConfig(seed=42, size=10)
+    dataset1 = PrimeFactorizationDataset(config)
+    dataset2 = PrimeFactorizationDataset(config)
+
+    for i in range(len(dataset1)):
+        assert dataset1[i] == dataset2[i]
+
+
+def test_prime_factorization_dataset_items():
+    """Test basic properties of generated items"""
+    config = PrimeFactorizationConfig(
+        min_value=2,
+        max_value=100,
+        size=10,
+        seed=42
+    )
+    dataset = PrimeFactorizationDataset(config)
+
+    for i in range(len(dataset)):
+        item = dataset[i]
+        # Check item structure
+        assert isinstance(item, dict)
+        assert "question" in item
+        assert "answer" in item
+        assert "metadata" in item
+        
+        # Check metadata
+        assert "number" in item["metadata"]
+        assert "factors" in item["metadata"]
+        
+        # Verify value range
+        number = item["metadata"]["number"]
+        assert config.min_value <= number <= config.max_value
+        
+        # Verify factorization is correct
+        factors = item["metadata"]["factors"]
+        product = 1
+        for factor in factors:
+            product *= factor
+        assert product == number
+        
+        # Verify factors are prime
+        for factor in factors:
+            assert is_prime(factor), f"{factor} is not prime"
+        
+        # Verify answer format
+        assert item["answer"] == " × ".join(map(str, factors))
+
+
+def test_prime_factorization_dataset_iteration():
+    """Test that iteration respects dataset size"""
+    config = PrimeFactorizationConfig(size=5, seed=42)
+    dataset = PrimeFactorizationDataset(config)
+
+    items = list(dataset)
+    assert len(items) == config.size
+
+    # Test multiple iterations yield same items
+    assert items == list(dataset)
+
+
+def test_prime_factorization_known_values():
+    """Test factorization of known values"""
+    config = PrimeFactorizationConfig(
+        min_value=12,
+        max_value=12,  # Force specific number
+        size=1,
+        seed=42
+    )
+    dataset = PrimeFactorizationDataset(config)
+    item = dataset[0]
+    
+    assert item["metadata"]["number"] == 12
+    assert item["metadata"]["factors"] == [2, 2, 3]
+    assert item["answer"] == "2 × 2 × 3"
+
+
+def is_prime(n: int) -> bool:
+    """Helper function to check if a number is prime"""
+    if n < 2:
+        return False
+    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
+        if n % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return True